CULTIVATING GRAPE VINES IN AN ORGANIC GARDEN
Cultivating grapevines for an organic garden is a rewarding experience that provides both fresh fruit and beautiful foliage. Growing vines is generally easier than most think, but a successful grape-growing journey requires careful planning. It is generally advisable to consider space before planting this overpowering climbing plant, as vines require a great deal of space and can inhibit other crops in the garden. Another factor to consider is the vine variety itself, and it is advisable to select hardy disease-resistant grape varieties that are suited to the local climate. Growing vines organically also requires attention to soil health, pest control, and proper cultivation techniques.
The main steps for successful grape cultivation
Step 1: Choosing the right vine is probably the most important in the process of successful vine cultivation. Concord, Niagara, or Marquette grape varieties are more suitable for colder regions and an obvious preference should be given as to whether a white or red grape variety is required. Different grape varieties also advocate for different uses and consideration should also be given to the end product. Table grapes are usually harvested for their fruit, whilst fruity grapes are predominantly for winemaking. A combination of grape varieties is also used for juicing.
Step 2: A soil test is the best way to establish pH and nutrient levels in the soil and most vine varieties prefer a well-drained, loamy soil with a pH level of between 5.5 and 7.0 on the pH scale. Applying organic mulch around the base of the vine will retain moisture and suppress weeds. Adding the necessary organic matter, such as organic compost and fertilizers is also recommended. It is a good practice to apply a good all-round natural compost, fish emulsion, or well-rotted manure, to improve soil fertility and structure at the start of the growing season.
Step 3: Vines are generally planted twice a year, and the best times are considered to be early spring, just after the last frost, or in the autumn. It is advisable to plant vines in a location that receives as much direct sunlight as possible.
Step 4: Good practice dictates that vines are planted at least 5 to 10 feet apart, but this is dependent on their variety and growth habits. Erecting a sturdy trellis for the vines to climb on is also advisable and growing branches should be trained along the trellis. This will help manage the shape of the vine and improve both air circulation and accessibility.
Step 5: Grapevines need consistent moisture, especially during the growing season, and they should be watered deeply, but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry between watering.
Step 6: The vine should be pruned in late winter or early spring before new growth starts, encouraging healthy growth and increases in grape yield. Any dead or overcrowded wood must be removed, as this will inhibit new growth.
Step 7: It is good practice to regularly monitor the vine’s leaves, as this will reveal any signs of pests or disease. Planting herbs and flowers like marigolds, garlic, or chives near grapevines can deter pests naturally and organic pesticides. Neem oil or insecticidal soap are the best ways to manage any more serious pest issues.
Step 8: Grapes are usually ready to harvest in late summer to early autumn when they are fully coloured and sweet to taste. It is good practice to use sharp scissors or small garden sheers to cut away grapes from their stems to avoid damaging the vine. Grapevines may take a few years to produce fruit, but with careful management, they will yield for decades thereafter.
